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Post by joustos on Nov 10, 2021 21:42:16 GMT
Fact: Man the measurer emerges in human history. Question: Are his measuring techniques innate or possibly learned from without (hence found, DISCOVERED) or INVENTED, created, by humans or some race of humans? To begin with, to avoid misunderstandings, example: I go to a store to buy apples. I look at them, consider the price of each, and decide to buy ten of them; that is, I decide to buy a certain QUANTITY of them. "Ten" is the outcome of a process, namely the Counting of the apples which I pick from a basket. Counting is a measuring technique which I learned long before my shopping. So, as used presently in the store, the technique is something discovered, remembered, found within myself. In another situation, I buy apples by weight rather than by number, in which case the measuring technique [weighing] -- and relative instrument -- was invented by some humans, and now it is merely remembered.// We measure imponderables like space and time. Project: A week is a set of seven days. It can be thought of as the outcome counting a certain quantity of days, but did the historical notion of "week" emerge as a result of counting? I don't think so. The sum of seven days is a "seven-nary", a row of seven similar individuals; a week is a period of time, which cannot be visualized/understood by a row (that is, in spatial terms). Was "/week/" in any language something invented?
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Post by Eugene 2.0 on Nov 18, 2021 4:09:55 GMT
Hmm... That's really interesting. I've heard about the theory of language came from using hand-language previously. (Unfortunately, I forgot the name of that scientits.) Why the Russian Sto Is Related to the English Hundred The S and the H sounds come from the mouth: hissing and huffing. Those two words are quite different from each other. Sto Schto Shto Shdo Hdo Hudo Hundo Hund- Hundred In XI–XIV in Russia lands the number forty 40 was used as a main unit for measuring. A hundred was two 40's and a half.
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Post by Eugene 2.0 on Nov 18, 2021 4:11:10 GMT
Maybe you're right. It seems that he might've done that fallacy, and followed the wrong way. As you rightly pointed there are names, and these names reflect different sounds /since we've got ears that repeats of hearing different voices as well as using gestures may be this - the process of reflection, and along with it, some plain moves, like swimming, crawling, breathing/. I remember a Polish linguist book by Adam Schaff "Introduction to Semantics" where he doubted that gesture-language theory. Well, I'm not an expert. All I think that those processes might go a shoulder by a shoulder. Survival living those centuries required many abilities to have, and voice was one of a good one, especially when a squad is plotting something. I mean if groups of people intend to cooperate they'd better have some sound signals to act quicklier. May I ask you, why "th" words are so important? Had these words come previously to appearance of the othe ones? On-Air AirHeads TH comes from pointing, as I explained in reference to dog and digitus. T, TH, and D are interchangeable. Indo-European was learned as a second language by the "Old Europeans" who were conquered around 3000BC. Those indigenees did not have one of these sounds in their language, so they used the other, just like we don't have the KH sound, so we called Khrushchev "Krooshchef." (Actually it should have been "Krooschoff," but our careless university-educated media took decades before pronouncing Gorbachev" the reasonably correct way) =) Thanks. Indeed, there's a link.
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Post by joustos on Nov 18, 2021 21:42:05 GMT
Why the Russian Sto Is Related to the English Hundred The S and the H sounds come from the mouth: hissing and huffing. Those two words are quite different from each other. Sto Schto Shto Shdo Hdo Hudo Hundo Hund- Hundred In XI–XIV in Russia lands the number forty 40 was used as a main unit for measuring. A hundred was two 40's and a half. You are quite right in saying and showing that Sto and Hundred are two different words, even though they have the same meaning. The Sage-- explained their phonetic difference by referring to two different voicing activities (hissing and huffing) which I think is incorrect. On the othr hand, I am glad you brought up a cultural fact (a measure or {meter}, a "40", Sorok) as the basis of a word ( Hundred, Sto). Your procedure is good; however, you were induced to see Hundred (the Russian Sto) as related to the measure (Sorok) because of their common word-initial (S-O-) and then you define 100 by "1measure+1measure+ 1/2 measure". Mathematically you are right, but this procedure of defining is arbitrary [since 100 is also = to 50+50 etc.] -- which ultimately means that unfortunately the adduced cultural fact is irrelevant (to the creation/invention of Hundred/Sto). I take this occasion to look into the possible etymology of Sto. For various reasons, I expect this word to be derived from Greek, but it has no resemblance to the Greek 100 (Hekaton). However, on other occasions I discovered that "to be derived from Greek" means "to be derived from the Greek language" rather than necessarily from a synonymous Greek word. To be brief: The Greek word [our] "myriad" means "a very great number/multitude", but in time some Greeks used this word to mean exactly 10,000. Some Slavic people may have done the same thing to a Grk word. For instance, they may have started using " stoibE" [ = pack, heap] to mean exactly 100 [STO]. Possibly. Also, Gr. STOlos = armament, an army. [Stolos > Ital. Stuolo, = an array of people or angels, or others]Gr. STOa = a place that consists of a series of columns (covered by a roof); the Stoics were philosophers who taught in such a place). Cheers.
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Post by thesageofmainstreet on Nov 18, 2021 21:49:24 GMT
Why the Russian Sto Is Related to the English Hundred The S and the H sounds come from the mouth: hissing and huffing. Those two words are quite different from each other. Sto Schto Shto Shdo Hdo Hudo Hundo Hund- Hundred In XI–XIV in Russia lands the number forty 40 was used as a main unit for measuring. A hundred was two 40's and a half. Some of the Interconnections Are Not Obvious. "Black" Comes From "White," As in Byeli and Blanca Try to read more closely. I implied that S and H are interchangeable, as in helios and sol, he and she, hus and swine. I don't know what you're implying with sorok.
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Post by thesageofmainstreet on Nov 18, 2021 22:07:08 GMT
Those two words are quite different from each other. Sto Schto Shto Shdo Hdo Hudo Hundo Hund- Hundred In XI–XIV in Russia lands the number forty 40 was used as a main unit for measuring. A hundred was two 40's and a half. I take this occasion to look into the possible etymology of Sto. For various reasons, I expect this word to be derived from Greek, but it has no resemblance to the Greek 100 (Hekaton). However, on other occasions I discovered that "to be derived from Greek" means "to be derived from the Greek language" rather than necessarily from a synonymous Greek word. To be brief: The Greek word [our] "myriad" means "a very great number/multitude", but in time some Greeks used this word to mean exactly 10,000. Some Slavic people may have done the same thing to a Grk word. For instance, they may have started using " stoibE" [ = pack, heap] to mean exactly 100 [STO]. Possibly. Also, Gr. STOlos = armament, an army. [Stolos > Ital. Stuolo, = an array of people or angels, or others]Gr. STOa = a place that consists of a series of columns (covered by a roof); the Stoics were philosophers who taught in such a place). Cheers. ONE Is From "Fingernail," TWO Is From "Point," MANY Is From "Hand" HEKATON is related to the Latin CENTUM (the C was pronounced "K"). The first syllable is only a prefix, coming from HEN "one," as in HYPHEN ("under one, taken as one word). K may be related to H if pronounced like CHI (khi).
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Post by xxxxxxxxx on Nov 18, 2021 23:41:24 GMT
Fact: Man the measurer emerges in human history. Question: Are his measuring techniques innate or possibly learned from without (hence found, DISCOVERED) or INVENTED, created, by humans or some race of humans? To begin with, to avoid misunderstandings, example: I go to a store to buy apples. I look at them, consider the price of each, and decide to buy ten of them; that is, I decide to buy a certain QUANTITY of them. "Ten" is the outcome of a process, namely the Counting of the apples which I pick from a basket. Counting is a measuring technique which I learned long before my shopping. So, as used presently in the store, the technique is something discovered, remembered, found within myself. In another situation, I buy apples by weight rather than by number, in which case the measuring technique [weighing] -- and relative instrument -- was invented by some humans, and now it is merely remembered.// We measure imponderables like space and time. Project: A week is a set of seven days. It can be thought of as the outcome counting a certain quantity of days, but did the historical notion of "week" emerge as a result of counting? I don't think so. The sum of seven days is a "seven-nary", a row of seven similar individuals; a week is a period of time, which cannot be visualized/understood by a row (that is, in spatial terms). Was "/week/" in any language something invented?Discovery is invention given any discovery is the formation of a new time and space within the mind of the observer. This formation is the invention of a concept to embody that which is unveiled. Discovery is unveiling of something, invention is the manifestation. Unveiling is manifestation in the respect that to eliminate a shroud requires the invention of something to eliminate said shroud. The discovery of America was invented through the production of ships. The discovery of ships was the result of the invention of wood working. The invention of America was through the discovery of relatively new lands. The invention of lands was through the discovery of borders as a concept. Discovery and invention go hand in hand; they are two sides of the same coin. To invent is to discover a new possibility. To discover is to invent a new concept.
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Post by joustos on Nov 19, 2021 22:14:28 GMT
I take this occasion to look into the possible etymology of Sto. For various reasons, I expect this word to be derived from Greek, but it has no resemblance to the Greek 100 (Hekaton). However, on other occasions I discovered that "to be derived from Greek" means "to be derived from the Greek language" rather than necessarily from a synonymous Greek word. To be brief: The Greek word [our] "myriad" means "a very great number/multitude", but in time some Greeks used this word to mean exactly 10,000. Some Slavic people may have done the same thing to a Grk word. For instance, they may have started using " stoibE" [ = pack, heap] to mean exactly 100 [STO]. Possibly. Also, Gr. STOlos = armament, an army. [Stolos > Ital. Stuolo, = an array of people or angels, or others]Gr. STOa = a place that consists of a series of columns (covered by a roof); the Stoics were philosophers who taught in such a place). Cheers. ONE Is From "Fingernail," TWO Is From "Point," MANY Is From "Hand" HEKATON is related to the Latin CENTUM (the C was pronounced "K"). The first syllable is only a prefix, coming from HEN "one," as in HYPHEN ("under one, taken as one word). K may be related to H if pronounced like CHI (khi). Sage,I beg to disagree with you about the HE- of Hekaton being a mere prefix, since you take it as derived from Gr. Hen [= One]. Well, the Greeks used their number "One" in coining compound words, but they used the form "HENO-". [We have Henotheism, the adoption of only one god.] They did not coin *Heno-katon, whereas English has the term "One Hundred". [The Gr. "HE" occurs as a prefix in some words, but it is the feminine definite article "the". Since "-katon" does not seem to be a feminine word [like *katE], I doubt the coinage "He+ Katon" as well as the traditional Latin derivation "Kentum/Centum".[[Why not Lat. Katum or Hekatum?]] // Earlier you said that there is a connection between the Russian STO [= 100] and the English Hundred [= 100) -- a phonetic connection, since Sto involves a mouth hissing, and Hundred involves a mouth puffing. Granted that such moth operations occur. how can you infer that the teo thus-voiced words have the same meaning? Pokorny phonologists may accept your reasoning, for, in comparing words, they systemtically ignore their meaning and areconcerned only with their sound.So, they do not make the important distinction between cognates and their beloved homophones. Here you did something worse: you implicitly claimed that the meaning of two words depends on certain voicings or speaking operations. What I virtually mentioned was the process of METONOMY. Sometimes a speaker uses one word or a syllable for another word, as in the case of sto(ibE) instead of Hekaton, or in the case of "sail" instead of "boat".......
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Post by Eugene 2.0 on Nov 20, 2021 10:32:55 GMT
ONE Is From "Fingernail," TWO Is From "Point," MANY Is From "Hand" HEKATON is related to the Latin CENTUM (the C was pronounced "K"). The first syllable is only a prefix, coming from HEN "one," as in HYPHEN ("under one, taken as one word). K may be related to H if pronounced like CHI (khi). Sage,I beg to disagree with you about the HE- of Hekaton being a mere prefix, since you take it as derived from Gr. Hen [= One]. Well, the Greeks used their number "One" in coining compound words, but they used the form "HENO-". [We have Henotheism, the adoption of only one god.] They did not coin *Heno-katon, whereas English has the term "One Hundred". [The Gr. "HE" occurs as a prefix in some words, but it is the feminine definite article "the". Since "-katon" does not seem to be a feminine word [like *katE], I doubt the coinage "He+ Katon" as well as the traditional Latin derivation "Kentum/Centum".[[Why not Lat. Katum or Hekatum?]] // Earlier you said that there is a connection between the Russian STO [= 100] and the English Hundred [= 100) -- a phonetic connection, since Sto involves a mouth hissing, and Hundred involves a mouth puffing. Granted that such moth operations occur. how can you infer that the teo thus-voiced words have the same meaning? Pokorny phonologists may accept your reasoning, for, in comparing words, they systemtically ignore their meaning and areconcerned only with their sound.So, they do not make the important distinction between cognates and their beloved homophones. Here you did something worse: you implicitly claimed that the meaning of two words depends on certain voicings or speaking operations. What I virtually mentioned was the process of METONOMY. ...Doesn't this word sound METONYMY instead of METONOMY? And also how can we trace some changes considering there has happened a metonymy That Russian word СТО [sto] has an equivalent in Ukrainian СОТНЯ [sot-nya]. Since Ukrainian saved more older forms comparably to languages of its group, it would be easier to use this. However there are no serious research background about the word as I see. One more trusted source explains etiology of it from the Latin CENT or CENTUM. Presumably some elision had occurred: from C-N-T to C-T, and this seems to be perfectly fit to Slavic language logic.
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Post by thesageofmainstreet on Nov 20, 2021 20:35:21 GMT
ONE Is From "Fingernail," TWO Is From "Point," MANY Is From "Hand" HEKATON is related to the Latin CENTUM (the C was pronounced "K"). The first syllable is only a prefix, coming from HEN "one," as in HYPHEN ("under one, taken as one word). K may be related to H if pronounced like CHI (khi). Sage,I beg to disagree with you about the HE- of Hekaton being a mere prefix, since you take it as derived from Gr. Hen [= One]. Well, the Greeks used their number "One" in coining compound words, but they used the form "HENO-". [We have Henotheism, the adoption of only one god.] They did not coin *Heno-katon, whereas English has the term "One Hundred". [The Gr. "HE" occurs as a prefix in some words, but it is the feminine definite article "the". Since "-katon" does not seem to be a feminine word [like *katE], I doubt the coinage "He+ Katon" as well as the traditional Latin derivation "Kentum/Centum".[[Why not Lat. Katum or Hekatum?]] // Earlier you said that there is a connection between the Russian STO [= 100] and the English Hundred [= 100) -- a phonetic connection, since Sto involves a mouth hissing, and Hundred involves a mouth puffing. Granted that such moth operations occur. how can you infer that the teo thus-voiced words have the same meaning? Pokorny phonologists may accept your reasoning, for, in comparing words, they systemtically ignore their meaning and areconcerned only with their sound.So, they do not make the important distinction between cognates and their beloved homophones. Here you did something worse: you implicitly claimed that the meaning of two words depends on certain voicings or speaking operations. What I virtually mentioned was the process of METONOMY. Sometimes a speaker uses one word or a syllable for another word, as in the case of sto(ibE) instead of Hekaton, or in the case of "sail" instead of "boat"....... There Is Also Transposition, As in SLIP and SPILL You disagree with me in one of the few cases where I agree with the academic philologists. It makes perfect sense for He to be a redundant prefix. It is in the neutral form HEN, with N elided before K. HEKAT-, taken as a whole wouldn't be derived from anything. But isolating KAT, it would be related to Latin KENTUM, easily, with the N again being elided. It's the same as HYPHEN, taken as a whole, not being derived from anything, unless it's the word for "weave," which is less accurate than the two-word explanation: UP(O) HEN.
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Post by thesageofmainstreet on Nov 20, 2021 20:53:08 GMT
Sage,I beg to disagree with you about the HE- of Hekaton being a mere prefix, since you take it as derived from Gr. Hen [= One]. Well, the Greeks used their number "One" in coining compound words, but they used the form "HENO-". [We have Henotheism, the adoption of only one god.] They did not coin *Heno-katon, whereas English has the term "One Hundred". [The Gr. "HE" occurs as a prefix in some words, but it is the feminine definite article "the". Since "-katon" does not seem to be a feminine word [like *katE], I doubt the coinage "He+ Katon" as well as the traditional Latin derivation "Kentum/Centum".[[Why not Lat. Katum or Hekatum?]] // Earlier you said that there is a connection between the Russian STO [= 100] and the English Hundred [= 100) -- a phonetic connection, since Sto involves a mouth hissing, and Hundred involves a mouth puffing. Granted that such moth operations occur. how can you infer that the teo thus-voiced words have the same meaning? Pokorny phonologists may accept your reasoning, for, in comparing words, they systemtically ignore their meaning and areconcerned only with their sound.So, they do not make the important distinction between cognates and their beloved homophones. Here you did something worse: you implicitly claimed that the meaning of two words depends on certain voicings or speaking operations. What I virtually mentioned was the process of METONOMY. ...Doesn't this word sound METONYMY instead of METONOMY? And also how can we trace some changes considering there has happened a metonymy That Russian word СТО [sto] has an equivalent in Ukrainian СОТНЯ [sot-nya]. Since Ukrainian saved more older forms comparably to languages of its group, it would be easier to use this. However there are no serious research background about the word as I see. One more trusted source explains etiology of it from the Latin CENT or CENTUM. Presumably some elision had occurred: from C-N-T to C-T, and this seems to be perfectly fit to Slavic language logic. College Graduates Have No Right to the Jobs They Are Given OXYMORON was once used as rarely as METONYMY, SYNECDOCHE, ASYNDETON, etc. Those who created its common usage are so inferior intellectually that they use it to replace (a claim of) "a contradiction in terms." It means the opposite of that. It is, instead, a clever usage of words that would be a contradiction in separate contexts, such as "boneless ribs." The media use big words to sound smart, but anyone truly smart would see how their misusage of those words reveals how unqualified they are for the positions they hold.
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Post by joustos on Nov 22, 2021 18:45:02 GMT
That Russian word СТО [sto] has an equivalent in Ukrainian СОТНЯ [sot-nya]. Since Ukrainian saved more older forms comparably to languages of its group, it would be easier to use this. However there are no serious research background about the word as I see. One more trusted source explains etiology of it from the Latin CENT or CENTUM. Presumably some elision had occurred: from C-N-T to C-T, and this seems to be perfectly fit to Slavic language logic. Eugene, thank for bringing up the Ukranian name of 100. It clearly involves a metathesis/transposition of the phonemes or letters of CTO, but it is impossible to tell which name came historically first. Anyway, disregard the graphic similarity between CTO and the Latin Centum. I have been puzzled by your -nya. I see that this component has cognates in other language such as Italian: centiNAIO/centiNAIA [= an assemblage/series of 100 units; sometimes: about/more or less 100 units] from Latin centeNARIUM. Do you have the same coinage for 10 (an assemblage of 10 units)? Ital. deciNA [not, or no longer, deciNIA/deciNYA], the cardinal number being DIECI, from Latin DECEM, from Gr. DEKA. Happy holidays.
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Post by Eugene 2.0 on Nov 22, 2021 19:17:05 GMT
That Russian word СТО [sto] has an equivalent in Ukrainian СОТНЯ [sot-nya]. Since Ukrainian saved more older forms comparably to languages of its group, it would be easier to use this. However there are no serious research background about the word as I see. One more trusted source explains etiology of it from the Latin CENT or CENTUM. Presumably some elision had occurred: from C-N-T to C-T, and this seems to be perfectly fit to Slavic language logic. Eugene, thank for bringing up the Ukranian name of 100. It clearly involves a metathesis/transposition of the phonemes or letters of CTO, but it is impossible to tell which name came historically first. Anyway, disregard the graphic similarity between CTO and the Latin Centum. I have been puzzled by your -nya. I see that this component has cognates in other language such as Italian: centiNAIO/centiNAIA [= an assemblage/series of 100 units; sometimes: about/more or less 100 units] from Latin centeNARIUM. Do you have the same coinage for 10 (an assemblage of 10 units)? Ital. deciNA [not, or no longer, deciNIA/deciNYA], the cardinal number being DIECI, from Latin DECEM, from Gr. DEKA. Happy holidays. Of course, might be that there is no real reason for insurances about which came first. However, it's typical for Ukrainian to have older forms over newer. It's kinda axiomatic. When I was studying at the seminary (the Orthodox Church), I learned the Old Slav Language. Just by glance it is seen how Ukrainian closer to the Old Slav. Unfortunately I don't know Italian, even having a couple of friends from Italy. But it seems that what you mentioned about the tails of words (sorry I don't know the correct term in English) is something the same as in Ukrainian. Like -ing in English or -ness, here's the same. Along with it, Russian CTO has a neutral gender, while Ukrainian СОТНЯ has a female gender. And armies usually had female common names.
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Post by joustos on Nov 24, 2021 16:19:37 GMT
Eugene, thank for bringing up the Ukranian name of 100. It clearly involves a metathesis/transposition of the phonemes or letters of CTO, but it is impossible to tell which name came historically first. Anyway, disregard the graphic similarity between CTO and the Latin Centum. I have been puzzled by your -nya. I see that this component has cognates in other language such as Italian: centiNAIO/centiNAIA [= an assemblage/series of 100 units; sometimes: about/more or less 100 units] from Latin centeNARIUM. Do you have the same coinage for 10 (an assemblage of 10 units)? Ital. deciNA [not, or no longer, deciNIA/deciNYA], the cardinal number being DIECI, from Latin DECEM, from Gr. DEKA. Happy holidays. Of course, might be that there is no real reason for insurances about which came first. However, it's typical for Ukrainian to have older forms over newer. It's kinda axiomatic. When I was studying at the seminary (the Orthodox Church), I learned the Old Slav Language. Just by glance it is seen how Ukrainian closer to the Old Slav. Unfortunately I don't know Italian, even having a couple of friends from Italy. But it seems that what you mentioned about the tails of words (sorry I don't know the correct term in English) is something the same as in Ukrainian. Like -ing in English or -ness, here's the same. Along with it, Russian CTO has a neutral gender, while Ukrainian СОТНЯ has a female gender. And armies usually had female common names. Just punning! : I take your word that Ukranian has the older form of a given word, that is, COT rather than CTO, but hold on for a moment. Granted that COTHR [sotnya] is the Ukr. name of 100, for me this name originally meant "an assemblage of 100 units" [such as years or apples or 1s],my reason being that the ending [or tail] , the "-nya", has the Italian cognate I mentioned, but you have not mentioned whether this ending or component is used also for the UKR. name of 10.// In ancient Greek, the idea/concept "an assemblage of 10 unit" is expressed by the word DEKAS (genitive DEKADOS), from which the English DECAD was formed. (The Italian variant, DECADE, is practically obsolete.) Well, I just found out that the UKR. name of 10 is DESIAT', which looks to me as des+iat.The component DES- seems to be a cognate of Lat. DECem [= 10]; the second component , iat', may be a cognate of Gr. -(y)AD-, in which case, the original meaning of your 10 was "an assemblage of 10 units". This could be verified by analysing ancient documents in Ukranian or in Slavonic, or... you may be using this word in this sense in ordinary everyday speaking. [For instance, how do you say: The first decad of the 21st century?]
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Post by joustos on Nov 25, 2021 16:42:28 GMT
Since we may continue discussing some Ukrainian words here, I'll switch to LOGOLOGY in order to get back to my proposed project: Was "/week/" discovered or invented? That is, was that period to time which is called WEEK in English, discovered or invented? ... for now I could re-direct the question in terms of NAMING: Was that which is named WEEK in English discovred or invented? I already said that it was not discovered, since time, or a period of time, is not a thing that could be perceived (hence FOUND/DISCOVERED). To invent/conceive involves naming.... our concepts are linguistic and can be thought about or discussed only linguistically.... In the beginning was the LOGOS, the word/name,by which something came forth ....
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Post by Eugene 2.0 on Nov 25, 2021 17:17:31 GMT
Of course, might be that there is no real reason for insurances about which came first. However, it's typical for Ukrainian to have older forms over newer. It's kinda axiomatic. When I was studying at the seminary (the Orthodox Church), I learned the Old Slav Language. Just by glance it is seen how Ukrainian closer to the Old Slav. Unfortunately I don't know Italian, even having a couple of friends from Italy. But it seems that what you mentioned about the tails of words (sorry I don't know the correct term in English) is something the same as in Ukrainian. Like -ing in English or -ness, here's the same. Along with it, Russian CTO has a neutral gender, while Ukrainian СОТНЯ has a female gender. And armies usually had female common names. Just punning! : I take your word that Ukranian has the older form of a given word, that is, COT rather than CTO, but hold on for a moment. Granted that COTHR [sotnya] is the Ukr. name of 100, for me this name originally meant "an assemblage of 100 units" [such as years or apples or 1s],my reason being that the ending [or tail] , the "-nya", has the Italian cognate I mentioned, but you have not mentioned whether this ending or component is used also for the UKR. name of 10.// In ancient Greek, the idea/concept "an assemblage of 10 unit" is expressed by the word DEKAS (genitive DEKADOS), from which the English DECAD was formed. (The Italian variant, DECADE, is practically obsolete.) Well, I just found out that the UKR. name of 10 is DESIAT', which looks to me as des+iat.The component DES- seems to be a cognate of Lat. DECem [= 10]; the second component , iat', may be a cognate of Gr. -(y)AD-, in which case, the original meaning of your 10 was "an assemblage of 10 units". This could be verified by analysing ancient documents in Ukranian or in Slavonic, or... you may be using this word in this sense in ordinary everyday speaking. [For instance, how do you say: The first decad of the 21st century?] Oh, sorry for not answering at the time. First of all, it's really impressive to see how that linguistic analysis can be applied, and which results it can bring! Honestly, I don't really know about the tails, so I can't be sure about it. But I can bring something about this tail: -nya: female gender, nominative case, behind meaning points at the root as a whole taken together, as a unit, or as something one. About -(y)AD- or (y)AT'-: neutral gender, nominative case, behind meaning is close to -nya, except for less quantiny (I mean it seems that -(y)AT'- is expressing that the quantity isn't so big)Can't say right now about those ancient style, except for there was a specific number/letter system. (I'll put the link below.) The phrase "The first decade of the 21st century" may be translated into Ukrainian like this: "Перше десятиліття двадцять першого століття".
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