Post by Διαμονδ on Feb 23, 2018 14:25:47 GMT
Since the appearance of the first English colonies in North America, the territory of the future US has become an arena of interaction between representatives of three major racial complexes - the Europeanoid, brought by European colonists, local Amerindian (Indigenous ) and Negroid, associated with slaves, whose importation from West Africa began in 1619. But throughout the history of white Americans accounted for the majority of the population first of the English colonies, and then the United States.
Moreover, it is surprising that they managed to preserve the original appearance and the gene pool brought to America by settlers and immigrants. At the same time, African-Americans and Indigenous have a noticeable West-Eurasian admixture, indicating a one-way flow of genes.
In the work of geneticists from Tucson, Arizona (Hammer et.all.), Data on haplogroups of Y-dnq marking the lineage in the straight male line were considered: the result of the work was a statement of the homogeneity of the population of white Americans and the genetic heterogeneity of African Americans and Indigenous who have a notable western Eurasian (europoid) impurity.
So, sub-Saharan admixture in white Americans can be estimated at 1.5-2%. At the same time, the European admixture in African-Americans varied from 20% to 40% in different populations. Noticeable was also the West-Eurasian component of the Indigenous , amounting to 7 to 89%
In another work (Evaluation of the Group of Genetic Ancestry of Populations from Philadelphia and Dakar in the Context of Sex-Biased Admixture in the Americas), in which Africans from Senegal were analyzed, as well as residents of Philadelphia of African and European origin, the authors reached similar conclusions.
The European admixture in Afro-Americans from Philadelphia was 31%. The gene pool of white Americans turned out to be European in origin by 98.5%.
In a publication published in 2010 (Evaluating self-declared ancestry of U.S. Americans with autosomal, Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA), data on autosomal DNA and single-parent markers (Y and mtDNA) were examined. According to the results of the work, the Western Eurasian component in white Americans according to the data of single-parent markers was estimated at 94.7 and 96.7%.
In an Exceptions to the "One Drop Rule" document identifying themselves as white Americans, only 1% of the 60,000 Americans of European descent had African ancestors according to mtDNA or Y- chromosome In general, the African impurity was from 1 to 5%, while in 75% of participants it was less than 0.5%.
Finally, in an article by Shriver, which analyzed autosomal markers, the African impurity in white Americans was estimated at 0.7%, the Indigenous impurity in 3.2%. At the same time, the European impurity among African Americans was 18.6%.
The results of genetic studies confirm the fact that throughout the history of the United States there existed and really functioned social barriers between the races that prevent interracial confusion. The rule of the "one drop of blood" cut off the "white society" of people with a partially African genealogy, making the flow of genes one-sided.
P.S.
And, most likely, a significant component (if not the main) of African and Asian genetic impurities was already carried with them by European migrants.
Thus, according to mtDNA, in many peoples of eastern and central Europe there is a Mongoloid component in the amount of 1.5-2%
And the southern Europeans (Greeks, Italians, Spaniards, Portugueses) encounter a small percentage of the impurity of African genes.
Moreover, it is surprising that they managed to preserve the original appearance and the gene pool brought to America by settlers and immigrants. At the same time, African-Americans and Indigenous have a noticeable West-Eurasian admixture, indicating a one-way flow of genes.
In the work of geneticists from Tucson, Arizona (Hammer et.all.), Data on haplogroups of Y-dnq marking the lineage in the straight male line were considered: the result of the work was a statement of the homogeneity of the population of white Americans and the genetic heterogeneity of African Americans and Indigenous who have a notable western Eurasian (europoid) impurity.
So, sub-Saharan admixture in white Americans can be estimated at 1.5-2%. At the same time, the European admixture in African-Americans varied from 20% to 40% in different populations. Noticeable was also the West-Eurasian component of the Indigenous , amounting to 7 to 89%
In another work (Evaluation of the Group of Genetic Ancestry of Populations from Philadelphia and Dakar in the Context of Sex-Biased Admixture in the Americas), in which Africans from Senegal were analyzed, as well as residents of Philadelphia of African and European origin, the authors reached similar conclusions.
The European admixture in Afro-Americans from Philadelphia was 31%. The gene pool of white Americans turned out to be European in origin by 98.5%.
In a publication published in 2010 (Evaluating self-declared ancestry of U.S. Americans with autosomal, Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA), data on autosomal DNA and single-parent markers (Y and mtDNA) were examined. According to the results of the work, the Western Eurasian component in white Americans according to the data of single-parent markers was estimated at 94.7 and 96.7%.
In an Exceptions to the "One Drop Rule" document identifying themselves as white Americans, only 1% of the 60,000 Americans of European descent had African ancestors according to mtDNA or Y- chromosome In general, the African impurity was from 1 to 5%, while in 75% of participants it was less than 0.5%.
Finally, in an article by Shriver, which analyzed autosomal markers, the African impurity in white Americans was estimated at 0.7%, the Indigenous impurity in 3.2%. At the same time, the European impurity among African Americans was 18.6%.
The results of genetic studies confirm the fact that throughout the history of the United States there existed and really functioned social barriers between the races that prevent interracial confusion. The rule of the "one drop of blood" cut off the "white society" of people with a partially African genealogy, making the flow of genes one-sided.
P.S.
And, most likely, a significant component (if not the main) of African and Asian genetic impurities was already carried with them by European migrants.
Thus, according to mtDNA, in many peoples of eastern and central Europe there is a Mongoloid component in the amount of 1.5-2%
And the southern Europeans (Greeks, Italians, Spaniards, Portugueses) encounter a small percentage of the impurity of African genes.