Post by Dominicanese on Nov 7, 2017 23:38:32 GMT
Peru.
Culture:
The culture of Peru was made by the relationship between European and Ameridian cultures.The ethnic diversity and rugged geography of Peru allowed diverse traditions and customs to co-exist. The coastal, European influenced Peru has passed through various intellectual stages - from colonial Hispanic culture to European Romanticism after independence. The early 20th century brought "indigenismo", expressed in a new awareness of Indian culture. Since World War II, Peruvian writers, artists, and intellectuals such as César Vallejo and José María Arguedas have participated in worldwide intellectual and artistic movements.
Cuisine:
Peruvian cuisine is considered one of the most diverse in the world. Thanks to its pre-Incan and Inca heritage and to Spanish, African, French, Sino-Cantonese, Japanese and Italian immigration (mainly throughout the 19th century) it combines the flavors of four continents. With this eclectic variety of traditional dishes, the Peruvian culinary arts are in constant evolution, and impossible to list in their entirety. Suffice it to mention that along the Peruvian coast alone there are more than two thousand different types of soups, and that there are more than 250 traditional desserts.
Most of the dishes in the coastal area of Peru are based on what the Pacific Ocean supplies. The abundance of sea life found in the waters of the Peruvian coast makes this a primary source of food for a large part of the coastal population, but also serves as export goods. Considering the diversity of sea food and its abundance it comes naturally that a large majority of the specific dishes from this area are based on fish and sea fruits. One of the best examples of this characteristic is Ceviche, one of Peru’s most popular dishes, which perfectly illustrates the adaptation of the Peruvian coastal population to the availability of food. Ceviche contains several types of fish and sea fruits and is often accompanies by shrimp soup (chupe) and other dishes containing marine creatures.
Lima is a huge city that presents a very diverse population. African, European, Chinese, and Japanese immigrants that have settled in Lima – a veritable center for immigrants – have also influenced the local cuisine. Combined with traditional Peruvian dishes, the cuisine characterizing Lima is one dominated by diversity. The wave of immigrants was combined with a massive movement, started in 1950s, of peasants to cities – Lima was the number one destination. This brought the traditional Peruvian cuisine back into the city, where it produced an interesting specific cuisine after being combined with the cooking styles of the majoritary immigrant populations. Peruvians adopted the raw fish idea from the Japanese and they included rice in their traditional dishes, as the Chinese did.
Maize, tubers and potatoes are still the main items used in the cuisine from the Andes region. Although traditional dishes are still most popular here, the Peruvian population located in the Andes also consumes non-indigenous food. Meat is mostly provide by alpacas, but Peruvians also use swine and sheep meat in their dishes. The climate of the Andes did not provide the inhabitants of the area with a very rich and diverse nutrition – something that has changed over the years. There is no certain differentiation between festive and ordinary dishes. One of the most popular dishes in this region is the pachamanca, created with a diverse variety of meats such as beef and pork and slowly cooked vegetables. In fact, the traditional way to cook pachamanca is by placing the vegetables on beds of heated stones. Trout is often found in the recipes from the Andes as it is found in abundance both in nature and in fisheries.
The jungle cuisine is a distinct part of Peruvian cooking. The products used are those that are found naturally in the jungle. Exotic fruits, such as pineapple, mango and camu camu are a daily part of a jungle diet. As for meat, turtles were often the main food source for locals, but their hunting was banned when the population numbers decreased dramatically. Paiche is another appreciated meat in Peruvian jungle recipes – this large freshwater fish can be found in abundance in many jungle rivers and ponds.
The most important aspect of Peruvian cooking involves selecting the right kinds of ingredients for your dish. Using the right amount of aji (chili pepper) for example is essential – either for spicing or for coloring the dish. The huge diversity of plant types found in Peru is also noticed in Peruvian cuisine. However, Peruvian cooking is not solely based on taste and flavors. The visual attractiveness of the dish is also important, and a balance between colors and proportion differentiates. Each traditional dish has a special cooking method, which is more or less general in all of Peru’s regions. Specialty dishes such ash anticuchos or humitas need specific ingredients to the region.
Although the preparation methods for Peruvian dishes do not require the purchase of any special equipment, it helps if you have a good set of non-stick pots and pans that allow the easy cooking for different dishes. One of the things that you should have, in case you plan to do a lot of Peruvian style cooking, is a spice box, where you should store a wide array of specific spices and use them to add flavor and enhance the visual aspect of all meals.
Inti Raimi or the Festival of the Sun was one of the Inca festivals that the Spanish conquistadors had banned. This festival included the most important feast of the Incas and is held on the Winter solstice, which is June 21 in the Southern Hemisphere. The significance of this festival was remarkable, since the people requested sun and warmth after winter, so that their crops may develop. A ceremony was performed for the sun gods and involves toasting chichas in chalices called Keros. Some Peruvians still celebrate this tradition today, although it bears more of a symbolic mark now than an actual ritual.
Music:
The music of Peru is an amalgamation of sounds and styles drawing on Peru's Andean, Spanish, and African roots. Andean influences can perhaps be best heard in wind instruments and the shape of the melodies, while the African influences can be heard in the rhythm and percussion instruments, and European influences can be heard in the harmonies and stringed instruments. Pre-Columbian Andean on drums and wind instruments, not unlike the European pipe and tabor tradition. Andean tritonic and pentatonic scales were elaborated during the colonial period into.
The earliest printed polyphonic music in Peru, indeed anywhere in the Americas, was "Hanacpachap cussicuinin," composed or collected by Juan Pérez Bocanegra and printed in 1631.
Ethnic Racial Composition:
* 44% Mestizo
* 31% Amerindian
* 15% White
* 7% Mulatto
* 2% Black
* 1% Asian
People:
Peru is a multiethnic nation formed by the combination of different groups over five centuries. Amerindians inhabited Peruvian territory for several millennia before Spanish Conquest in the 16th century; according to historian Noble David Cook their population decreased from nearly 5–9 million in the 1520s to around 600,000 in 1620 mainly because of infectious diseases. Spaniards and African slaves arrived in large numbers under colonial rule, mixing widely with each other and with indigenous peoples. After independence, there has been gradual immigration from England, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. Chinese and Japanese arrived in the 1850s as a replacement for slave workers and have since become a major influence in Peruvian society.
With about 31.2 million inhabitants, Peru is the fifth most populous country in South America. Its demographic growth rate declined from 2.6% to 1.6% between 1950 and 2000; population is expected to reach approximately 42 million in 2050. As of 2007, 75.9% lived in urban areas and 24.1% in rural areas. Major cities include the Lima Metropolitan Area (home to over 9.8 million people), Arequipa, Trujillo, Chiclayo, Piura, Iquitos, Cusco, Chimbote, and Huancayo; all reported more than 250,000 inhabitants in the 2007 census. There are 15 uncontacted Amerindian tribes in Peru.
Languages:
Spanish, Quechua, and Aymara are the three official languages of Peru. Spanish is spoken by 84.1% of the population and Quechua by 13%, Aymara by 1.7% while other languages make up the remaining 1.2%. Spanish is used by the government and is the mainstream language of the country, which is used by the media and in educational systems and commerce. Amerindians who live in the Andean highlands speak Quechua and Aymara and are ethnically distinct from the diverse indigenous groups who live on the eastern side of the Andes and in the tropical lowlands adjacent to the Amazon basin. Peru's distinct geographical regions are mirrored in a language divide between the coast where Spanish is more predominant over the Amerindian languages, and the more diverse traditional Andean cultures of the mountains and highlands. The indigenous populations east of the Andes speak various languages and dialects. Some of these groups still adhere to traditional indigenous languages, while others have been almost completely assimilated into the Spanish language. There has been an increasing and organized effort to teach Quechua in public schools in the areas where Quechua is spoken. In the Peruvian Amazon, numerous indigenous languages are spoken, including Asháninka, Bora, and Aguaruna.
There are about three broad Peruvian Spanish dialects. Peruvian Coastal Spanish which is the standard Spanish originates from Castillian and Andaluzian Spanish with some influences from Amerindian languages to varying degrees. Andean Peruvian Spanish originates from Castillian, Andaluzian, and Canarian Spanish with some influences from Indigenous languages to varying degrees. Amazonic Peruvian Spanish is very similar to Andean Spanish.
Religion:
Religion in Peru. The predominant religion is Roman Catholic, but there is a scattering of other Christian faiths. Indigenous Peruvians, however, have blended Catholicism and their traditional beliefs. An example is the near synonymous association of Pacha Mama (Mother Earth) and the Virgin Mary.
Economy:
Peru Economy Overview. The Peruvian economy, which is the seventh largest in Latin America, has experienced a structural change in the past three decades. Currently, the services sector is the main contributor to the country's GDP, with nearly 60% of GDP stemming from this sector. About 30% of Peruvians live in poverty.
Sports:
The most sought out sports in Peru are Soccer and Volleyball while traditionally, they played cockfighting, bull-fighting, and racing. The Peruvian National Football team has played in the FIFA World Cup four times, and has won two Copa America trophies. The country also won in Women's Volleyball.
Peruvian Videos:
Culture:
The culture of Peru was made by the relationship between European and Ameridian cultures.The ethnic diversity and rugged geography of Peru allowed diverse traditions and customs to co-exist. The coastal, European influenced Peru has passed through various intellectual stages - from colonial Hispanic culture to European Romanticism after independence. The early 20th century brought "indigenismo", expressed in a new awareness of Indian culture. Since World War II, Peruvian writers, artists, and intellectuals such as César Vallejo and José María Arguedas have participated in worldwide intellectual and artistic movements.
Cuisine:
Peruvian cuisine is considered one of the most diverse in the world. Thanks to its pre-Incan and Inca heritage and to Spanish, African, French, Sino-Cantonese, Japanese and Italian immigration (mainly throughout the 19th century) it combines the flavors of four continents. With this eclectic variety of traditional dishes, the Peruvian culinary arts are in constant evolution, and impossible to list in their entirety. Suffice it to mention that along the Peruvian coast alone there are more than two thousand different types of soups, and that there are more than 250 traditional desserts.
Most of the dishes in the coastal area of Peru are based on what the Pacific Ocean supplies. The abundance of sea life found in the waters of the Peruvian coast makes this a primary source of food for a large part of the coastal population, but also serves as export goods. Considering the diversity of sea food and its abundance it comes naturally that a large majority of the specific dishes from this area are based on fish and sea fruits. One of the best examples of this characteristic is Ceviche, one of Peru’s most popular dishes, which perfectly illustrates the adaptation of the Peruvian coastal population to the availability of food. Ceviche contains several types of fish and sea fruits and is often accompanies by shrimp soup (chupe) and other dishes containing marine creatures.
Lima is a huge city that presents a very diverse population. African, European, Chinese, and Japanese immigrants that have settled in Lima – a veritable center for immigrants – have also influenced the local cuisine. Combined with traditional Peruvian dishes, the cuisine characterizing Lima is one dominated by diversity. The wave of immigrants was combined with a massive movement, started in 1950s, of peasants to cities – Lima was the number one destination. This brought the traditional Peruvian cuisine back into the city, where it produced an interesting specific cuisine after being combined with the cooking styles of the majoritary immigrant populations. Peruvians adopted the raw fish idea from the Japanese and they included rice in their traditional dishes, as the Chinese did.
Maize, tubers and potatoes are still the main items used in the cuisine from the Andes region. Although traditional dishes are still most popular here, the Peruvian population located in the Andes also consumes non-indigenous food. Meat is mostly provide by alpacas, but Peruvians also use swine and sheep meat in their dishes. The climate of the Andes did not provide the inhabitants of the area with a very rich and diverse nutrition – something that has changed over the years. There is no certain differentiation between festive and ordinary dishes. One of the most popular dishes in this region is the pachamanca, created with a diverse variety of meats such as beef and pork and slowly cooked vegetables. In fact, the traditional way to cook pachamanca is by placing the vegetables on beds of heated stones. Trout is often found in the recipes from the Andes as it is found in abundance both in nature and in fisheries.
The jungle cuisine is a distinct part of Peruvian cooking. The products used are those that are found naturally in the jungle. Exotic fruits, such as pineapple, mango and camu camu are a daily part of a jungle diet. As for meat, turtles were often the main food source for locals, but their hunting was banned when the population numbers decreased dramatically. Paiche is another appreciated meat in Peruvian jungle recipes – this large freshwater fish can be found in abundance in many jungle rivers and ponds.
The most important aspect of Peruvian cooking involves selecting the right kinds of ingredients for your dish. Using the right amount of aji (chili pepper) for example is essential – either for spicing or for coloring the dish. The huge diversity of plant types found in Peru is also noticed in Peruvian cuisine. However, Peruvian cooking is not solely based on taste and flavors. The visual attractiveness of the dish is also important, and a balance between colors and proportion differentiates. Each traditional dish has a special cooking method, which is more or less general in all of Peru’s regions. Specialty dishes such ash anticuchos or humitas need specific ingredients to the region.
Although the preparation methods for Peruvian dishes do not require the purchase of any special equipment, it helps if you have a good set of non-stick pots and pans that allow the easy cooking for different dishes. One of the things that you should have, in case you plan to do a lot of Peruvian style cooking, is a spice box, where you should store a wide array of specific spices and use them to add flavor and enhance the visual aspect of all meals.
Inti Raimi or the Festival of the Sun was one of the Inca festivals that the Spanish conquistadors had banned. This festival included the most important feast of the Incas and is held on the Winter solstice, which is June 21 in the Southern Hemisphere. The significance of this festival was remarkable, since the people requested sun and warmth after winter, so that their crops may develop. A ceremony was performed for the sun gods and involves toasting chichas in chalices called Keros. Some Peruvians still celebrate this tradition today, although it bears more of a symbolic mark now than an actual ritual.
Music:
The music of Peru is an amalgamation of sounds and styles drawing on Peru's Andean, Spanish, and African roots. Andean influences can perhaps be best heard in wind instruments and the shape of the melodies, while the African influences can be heard in the rhythm and percussion instruments, and European influences can be heard in the harmonies and stringed instruments. Pre-Columbian Andean on drums and wind instruments, not unlike the European pipe and tabor tradition. Andean tritonic and pentatonic scales were elaborated during the colonial period into.
The earliest printed polyphonic music in Peru, indeed anywhere in the Americas, was "Hanacpachap cussicuinin," composed or collected by Juan Pérez Bocanegra and printed in 1631.
Ethnic Racial Composition:
* 44% Mestizo
* 31% Amerindian
* 15% White
* 7% Mulatto
* 2% Black
* 1% Asian
People:
Peru is a multiethnic nation formed by the combination of different groups over five centuries. Amerindians inhabited Peruvian territory for several millennia before Spanish Conquest in the 16th century; according to historian Noble David Cook their population decreased from nearly 5–9 million in the 1520s to around 600,000 in 1620 mainly because of infectious diseases. Spaniards and African slaves arrived in large numbers under colonial rule, mixing widely with each other and with indigenous peoples. After independence, there has been gradual immigration from England, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain. Chinese and Japanese arrived in the 1850s as a replacement for slave workers and have since become a major influence in Peruvian society.
With about 31.2 million inhabitants, Peru is the fifth most populous country in South America. Its demographic growth rate declined from 2.6% to 1.6% between 1950 and 2000; population is expected to reach approximately 42 million in 2050. As of 2007, 75.9% lived in urban areas and 24.1% in rural areas. Major cities include the Lima Metropolitan Area (home to over 9.8 million people), Arequipa, Trujillo, Chiclayo, Piura, Iquitos, Cusco, Chimbote, and Huancayo; all reported more than 250,000 inhabitants in the 2007 census. There are 15 uncontacted Amerindian tribes in Peru.
Languages:
Spanish, Quechua, and Aymara are the three official languages of Peru. Spanish is spoken by 84.1% of the population and Quechua by 13%, Aymara by 1.7% while other languages make up the remaining 1.2%. Spanish is used by the government and is the mainstream language of the country, which is used by the media and in educational systems and commerce. Amerindians who live in the Andean highlands speak Quechua and Aymara and are ethnically distinct from the diverse indigenous groups who live on the eastern side of the Andes and in the tropical lowlands adjacent to the Amazon basin. Peru's distinct geographical regions are mirrored in a language divide between the coast where Spanish is more predominant over the Amerindian languages, and the more diverse traditional Andean cultures of the mountains and highlands. The indigenous populations east of the Andes speak various languages and dialects. Some of these groups still adhere to traditional indigenous languages, while others have been almost completely assimilated into the Spanish language. There has been an increasing and organized effort to teach Quechua in public schools in the areas where Quechua is spoken. In the Peruvian Amazon, numerous indigenous languages are spoken, including Asháninka, Bora, and Aguaruna.
There are about three broad Peruvian Spanish dialects. Peruvian Coastal Spanish which is the standard Spanish originates from Castillian and Andaluzian Spanish with some influences from Amerindian languages to varying degrees. Andean Peruvian Spanish originates from Castillian, Andaluzian, and Canarian Spanish with some influences from Indigenous languages to varying degrees. Amazonic Peruvian Spanish is very similar to Andean Spanish.
Religion:
Religion in Peru. The predominant religion is Roman Catholic, but there is a scattering of other Christian faiths. Indigenous Peruvians, however, have blended Catholicism and their traditional beliefs. An example is the near synonymous association of Pacha Mama (Mother Earth) and the Virgin Mary.
Economy:
Peru Economy Overview. The Peruvian economy, which is the seventh largest in Latin America, has experienced a structural change in the past three decades. Currently, the services sector is the main contributor to the country's GDP, with nearly 60% of GDP stemming from this sector. About 30% of Peruvians live in poverty.
Sports:
The most sought out sports in Peru are Soccer and Volleyball while traditionally, they played cockfighting, bull-fighting, and racing. The Peruvian National Football team has played in the FIFA World Cup four times, and has won two Copa America trophies. The country also won in Women's Volleyball.
Peruvian Videos: