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Post by Deleted on Dec 19, 2018 4:17:21 GMT
The Andronovo culture is a collection of similar local Bronze Age cultures that flourished c. 2000–900 BC in western Siberia and the central Eurasian Steppe.[2] Some researchers have preferred to term it an archaeological complex or archaeological horizon.[3] The older Sintashta culture (2100–1800 BC), formerly included within the Andronovo culture, is now considered separately, but regarded as its predecessor, and accepted as part of the wider Andronovo horizon.
Most researchers associate the Andronovo horizon with early Indo-Iranian languages, though it may have overlapped the early Uralic-speaking area at its northern fringe.[4]
According to genetic study conducted by Allentoft et al. (2015), the Andronovo culture and the preceding Sintashta culture are partially derived from the Corded Ware culture, given the higher proportion of ancestry matching the earlier farmers of Europe, similar to the admixture found in the genomes of the Corded Ware population.[5]
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Post by Deleted on Dec 19, 2018 4:17:41 GMT
Genetics and Physical Anthropology
The Andronovo have been described by archaeologists as exhibiting pronounced Caucasoid features.[19] A 2004 study also established that, during the Bronze and Iron Age period, the majority of the population of Kazakhstan (part of the Andronovo culture during Bronze Age) was of West Eurasian origin (with mtDNA haplogroups such as U, H, HV, T, I and W), and that prior to the thirteenth to seventh century BC, all Kazakh samples belonged to European lineages.[27] Other studies confirm that during Bronze Age in areas to the north of present-day China, the boundary between Caucasoid and Mongoloid populations was on the eastern slopes of the Altai, in Western Mongolia.[28][29] Some Caucasoid influence extended also into Northeast Mongolia,[30] and the population of present-day Kazakhstan was Caucasoid during the Bronze and Iron Age period.[31] Archaeological investigations likewise suggest that in the steppe region of Central Asia and the Altai Mountains, the first food production began towards the end of the third millennium BC and that the peoples who first entered this region were Caucasoid of the Afanasevo culture who came from the Aral Sea area (Kelteminar culture).[32]
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Post by Deleted on Dec 19, 2018 4:19:51 GMT
Comparisons between the archaeological evidence of the Andronovo and textual evidence of Indo-Iranians (i. e. the Vedas and the Avesta) are frequently made to support the Indo-Iranian identity of the Andronovo. The modern explanations for the Indo-Iranianization of Greater Iran and the Indian subcontinent rely heavily on the supposition that the Andronovo expanded southwards into Central Asia or at least achieved linguistic dominance across the Bronze Age urban centres of the region, such as the Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex. While the earliest phases of the Andronovo culture are regarded as co-ordinate with the late period of Indo-Iranian linguistic unity, it is likely that in the later period they constituted a branch of the Iranians.[2]
The identification of Andronovo as Indo-Iranian has been challenged by scholars who point to the absence of the characteristic timber graves of the steppe south of the Oxus River.[22] Sarianidi states that "direct archaeological data from Bactria and Margiana show without any shade of doubt that Andronovo tribes penetrated to a minimum extent into Bactria and Margianian oases".
Based on its use by Indo-Aryans in Mitanni and Vedic India, its prior absence in the Near East and Harappan India, and its 16th–17th century BC attestation at the Andronovo site of Sintashta, Kuzmina (1994) argues that the chariot corroborates the identification of Andronovo as Indo-Iranian. Klejn (1974) and Brentjes (1981) find the Andronovo culture much too late for an Indo-Iranian identification since chariot-using Aryans appear in Mitanni by the 15th to 16th century BC. However, Anthony & Vinogradov (1995) dated a chariot burial at Krivoye Lake to around 2000 BC.[23]
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Post by Elizabeth on Dec 19, 2018 5:17:33 GMT
So I am part of Andronovo since my mtDNA is H? But interesting discovery. I think scholars will be working on this for quite some time.
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Post by Deleted on Dec 19, 2018 5:25:08 GMT
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Post by Deleted on Dec 19, 2018 5:26:48 GMT
So I am part of Andronovo since my mtDNA is H? But interesting discovery. I think scholars will be working on this for quite some time. Interestingly, this is the site, and it's predecessor, which is Sintastha, which is linked with Vedic aryan culture.
And they both have evolved from Corded Ware culture. now, I know, that real nordic race is actually corded nordic, who formed a civilization known as Battle Axe culture.
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