Post by Deleted on Jan 29, 2018 11:33:34 GMT
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bene_Israel
The Bene Israel ("Sons of Israel"), formerly known in India as the "Native Jew Caste",[1] are a historic community of Jews in India. It has been suggested[2] that it is made up of descendants of one of the disputed Lost Tribes and ancestors who had settled there centuries ago. In the 19th century, after the people were taught about normative (Ashkenazi/Sephardi) Judaism, they tended to migrate from villages in the Konkan area[3] to the nearby cities, primarily Mumbai,[2] but also to Pune, Ahmedabad, and Kolkata, India; and Karachi, in today's Pakistan.[4] Many gained positions with the British colonial authority of the period.
In the early part of the twentieth century, many Bene Israel became active in the new film industry, as actresses and actors, producers and directors. After India gained its independence in 1947, and Israel was established in 1948, most Bene Israel emigrated to Israel, Canada and other Commonwealth countries and the United States.
Some historians have thought their ancestors may have belonged to one of the Lost Tribes of Israel,[5] but the Bene Israel have never been officially recognized by Jewish authorities as such. According to Bene Israel tradition, their ancestors migrated to India after centuries of travel through western Asia from Israel and gradually assimilated to the people around them, while keeping some Jewish customs.[6] The medieval Jewish philosopher Maimonides mentioned in a letter that there was a Jewish community living in India: he may have been referring to the Bene Israel.[7]
At a point in history which is uncertain, an Indian Jew from Cochin named David Rahabi discovered the Bene Israel in their villages and recognized their vestigial Jewish customs.[8] Rahabi taught the people about normative Judaism. He trained some young men among them to be the religious preceptors of the community.[9] Known as Kajis, these men held a position that became hereditary, similar to the Cohanim. They became recognized as judges and settlers of disputes within the community.[10]
One Bene Israel tradition places Rahabi's arrival at around 1000 or 1400, although some historians believe he was not active until the 18th century. They suggest that the "David Rahabi" of Bene Israel folklore was a man named David Ezekiel Rahabi, who lived from 1694 to 1772, and resided in Cochin, then the center of the wealthy Malabar Jewish community.[11][12][13] Others suggest that the reference is to David Baruch Rahabi, who arrived in Bombay from Cochin in 1825.[14]
It is estimated that there were 6,000 Bene Israel in the 1830s; 10,000 at the turn of the 20th century; and in 1948—their peak in India—they numbered 20,000.[15] Since that time, most of the population have emigrated.
Under British colonial rule, many Bene Israel rose to prominence in India[citation needed]. They were less affected than other Indians by the racially discriminatory policies of the British colonists, considered somewhat outside the masses[citation needed].They gained higher, better paying posts in the British Army when compared with their non-Jewish neighbours.[6] Some of these enlistees with their families later joined the British in the British Protectorate of Aden.[16].In the 19th century, the Bene Israel did however meet with hostility from the newly anglicized Baghdadi Jews who considered the Bene israel to be "Indian".They also questioned the Jewishness of the community[17]
In the early twentieth century, numerous Bene Israel became leaders in the new film industry in India. In addition, men worked as producers and actors: Ezra Mir (alias Edwin Myers) (1903-1993) became the first chief of India's Film Division, and Solomon Moses was head of the Bombay Film Lab Pvt Ltd from the 1940s to 1990s.[18] Ennoch Isaac Satamkar was a film actor and assistant director to Mehboob Khan, a prominent director of Hindi films.[19]
Given their success under the British colonial government, many Bene Israel prepared to leave India at independence in 1947. They believed that nationalism and the emphasis on indigenous religions would mean fewer opportunities for them. Most emigrated to Israel,[20] which was newly established in 1948 as a Jewish homeland.[21][22]
The Bene Israel ("Sons of Israel"), formerly known in India as the "Native Jew Caste",[1] are a historic community of Jews in India. It has been suggested[2] that it is made up of descendants of one of the disputed Lost Tribes and ancestors who had settled there centuries ago. In the 19th century, after the people were taught about normative (Ashkenazi/Sephardi) Judaism, they tended to migrate from villages in the Konkan area[3] to the nearby cities, primarily Mumbai,[2] but also to Pune, Ahmedabad, and Kolkata, India; and Karachi, in today's Pakistan.[4] Many gained positions with the British colonial authority of the period.
In the early part of the twentieth century, many Bene Israel became active in the new film industry, as actresses and actors, producers and directors. After India gained its independence in 1947, and Israel was established in 1948, most Bene Israel emigrated to Israel, Canada and other Commonwealth countries and the United States.
Some historians have thought their ancestors may have belonged to one of the Lost Tribes of Israel,[5] but the Bene Israel have never been officially recognized by Jewish authorities as such. According to Bene Israel tradition, their ancestors migrated to India after centuries of travel through western Asia from Israel and gradually assimilated to the people around them, while keeping some Jewish customs.[6] The medieval Jewish philosopher Maimonides mentioned in a letter that there was a Jewish community living in India: he may have been referring to the Bene Israel.[7]
At a point in history which is uncertain, an Indian Jew from Cochin named David Rahabi discovered the Bene Israel in their villages and recognized their vestigial Jewish customs.[8] Rahabi taught the people about normative Judaism. He trained some young men among them to be the religious preceptors of the community.[9] Known as Kajis, these men held a position that became hereditary, similar to the Cohanim. They became recognized as judges and settlers of disputes within the community.[10]
One Bene Israel tradition places Rahabi's arrival at around 1000 or 1400, although some historians believe he was not active until the 18th century. They suggest that the "David Rahabi" of Bene Israel folklore was a man named David Ezekiel Rahabi, who lived from 1694 to 1772, and resided in Cochin, then the center of the wealthy Malabar Jewish community.[11][12][13] Others suggest that the reference is to David Baruch Rahabi, who arrived in Bombay from Cochin in 1825.[14]
It is estimated that there were 6,000 Bene Israel in the 1830s; 10,000 at the turn of the 20th century; and in 1948—their peak in India—they numbered 20,000.[15] Since that time, most of the population have emigrated.
Under British colonial rule, many Bene Israel rose to prominence in India[citation needed]. They were less affected than other Indians by the racially discriminatory policies of the British colonists, considered somewhat outside the masses[citation needed].They gained higher, better paying posts in the British Army when compared with their non-Jewish neighbours.[6] Some of these enlistees with their families later joined the British in the British Protectorate of Aden.[16].In the 19th century, the Bene Israel did however meet with hostility from the newly anglicized Baghdadi Jews who considered the Bene israel to be "Indian".They also questioned the Jewishness of the community[17]
In the early twentieth century, numerous Bene Israel became leaders in the new film industry in India. In addition, men worked as producers and actors: Ezra Mir (alias Edwin Myers) (1903-1993) became the first chief of India's Film Division, and Solomon Moses was head of the Bombay Film Lab Pvt Ltd from the 1940s to 1990s.[18] Ennoch Isaac Satamkar was a film actor and assistant director to Mehboob Khan, a prominent director of Hindi films.[19]
Given their success under the British colonial government, many Bene Israel prepared to leave India at independence in 1947. They believed that nationalism and the emphasis on indigenous religions would mean fewer opportunities for them. Most emigrated to Israel,[20] which was newly established in 1948 as a Jewish homeland.[21][22]
