Post by Deleted on Jan 29, 2018 10:55:53 GMT
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_L-M20
Haplogroup L-M20 is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, which is defined by SNPs M11, M20, M61 and M185. It is most commonly found in populations native to South Asia, especially Afghanistan, Pakistan and South India. The clade also occurs in Tajikistan and Anatolia, as well as at lower frequencies in Iran, Western Europe, Central Europe, Northeastern Europe, the Caucasus, Balkans and Central Asia. The subclade L2 (L-L595), while it is extremely rare, is seldom found outside Western Europe.
Origins
L-M20 is a descendant of Haplogroup LT,[1][2] which is a descendant of haplogroup K-M9.[3][2] According to Dr. Spencer Wells, L-M20 originated in the rugged and mountainous Pamir Knot region in Tajikistan and migrated into Pakistan and India ca. 30,000 years ago.[4][5][6] McElreavy and Quintana-Murci, writing on the Indus Valley Civilisation, state that
One Y-chromosome haplogroup (L-M20) has a high mean frequency of 14% in Pakistan and so differs from all other haplogroups in its frequency distribution. L-M20 is also observed, although at lower frequencies, in neighbouring countries, such as India, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Russia. Both the frequency distribution and estimated expansion time (~7,000 YBP) of this lineage suggest that its spread in the Indus Valley may be associated with the expansion of local farming groups during the Neolithic period.[7]
Sengupta et al. (2006) observed three subbranches of haplogroup L: L1-M76 (L1a1), L2-M317 (L1b) and L3-M357 (L1a2). All three are found mostly in South Asia.[8] According to Sengupta et al. (2006), the L-M20 subclade L-M76 (L1a1) "underwent early diversification in South India and subsequently expanded toward peripheral regions."[9] They note that the frequency and microsatellite variance of L1 are highest in south India, the southwest and the west coast, proposing "a pattern of spread emanating from southern India." They further note that haplogroup L-M76 "is clearly predominant in Dravidian speakers," concluding that "our data provide overwhelming support for an Indian origin of Dravidian speakers."[10]
Sengupta et al. (2006) further note that L3-M357 (L1a2) "occurs with an intermediate frequency in Pakistan (6.8%), [while] it is very rare in India (0.4%). Conversely, L1-M76 occurs at a frequency of 7.5% in India and 5.1% in Pakistan,"[9] which may be an indication that L-M20 originated in the Pakistan region.[11]
Haplogroup L-M20 is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, which is defined by SNPs M11, M20, M61 and M185. It is most commonly found in populations native to South Asia, especially Afghanistan, Pakistan and South India. The clade also occurs in Tajikistan and Anatolia, as well as at lower frequencies in Iran, Western Europe, Central Europe, Northeastern Europe, the Caucasus, Balkans and Central Asia. The subclade L2 (L-L595), while it is extremely rare, is seldom found outside Western Europe.
Origins
L-M20 is a descendant of Haplogroup LT,[1][2] which is a descendant of haplogroup K-M9.[3][2] According to Dr. Spencer Wells, L-M20 originated in the rugged and mountainous Pamir Knot region in Tajikistan and migrated into Pakistan and India ca. 30,000 years ago.[4][5][6] McElreavy and Quintana-Murci, writing on the Indus Valley Civilisation, state that
One Y-chromosome haplogroup (L-M20) has a high mean frequency of 14% in Pakistan and so differs from all other haplogroups in its frequency distribution. L-M20 is also observed, although at lower frequencies, in neighbouring countries, such as India, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Russia. Both the frequency distribution and estimated expansion time (~7,000 YBP) of this lineage suggest that its spread in the Indus Valley may be associated with the expansion of local farming groups during the Neolithic period.[7]
Sengupta et al. (2006) observed three subbranches of haplogroup L: L1-M76 (L1a1), L2-M317 (L1b) and L3-M357 (L1a2). All three are found mostly in South Asia.[8] According to Sengupta et al. (2006), the L-M20 subclade L-M76 (L1a1) "underwent early diversification in South India and subsequently expanded toward peripheral regions."[9] They note that the frequency and microsatellite variance of L1 are highest in south India, the southwest and the west coast, proposing "a pattern of spread emanating from southern India." They further note that haplogroup L-M76 "is clearly predominant in Dravidian speakers," concluding that "our data provide overwhelming support for an Indian origin of Dravidian speakers."[10]
Sengupta et al. (2006) further note that L3-M357 (L1a2) "occurs with an intermediate frequency in Pakistan (6.8%), [while] it is very rare in India (0.4%). Conversely, L1-M76 occurs at a frequency of 7.5% in India and 5.1% in Pakistan,"[9] which may be an indication that L-M20 originated in the Pakistan region.[11]
