What If Other Planets Were as Close as the Moon?

Mercury, Venus:
Increased tides and massive flooding in coastal cities, but ultimately, humanity survives.

Mars:
The above, but also Phobos and Deimos get peeled off of Mars and spiral uncontrollably in the Earth-Mars system until they either collide with something or get flung into sol-controlled space.
 Ultimately, humanity survives.

Jupiter:
Volcanic activity increases sharply as Jupiter's massive tidal forces affect the earth...

... until fewer than twelve days later, it collides with Jupiter's moon Io, wiping all life from the face of the Earth (the synodic period b/w Earth and Io would be ~11.875d, and they are close enough to gravitationally interact)

Saturn:
Volcanic activity increases slightly as Saturn's tidal forces affect the earth...

...In the next few weeks, it collides Saturn's moons Helene and Polydeuces, causing regional devastation, but not the total destruction of humanity...

... until fewer than a hundred one days later, it collides with Saturn's moon Dione, wiping all life from the face of the Earth (the synodic period b/w Earth and Dione would be ~100.18d, and they are close enough to gravitationally interact)

Uranus:
The sky looks pretty!

Also, gravitational interactions between the Earth and either Umbriel or Titania eventually cause a collision or something to get flung out of the Uranian system, but this takes place on the order of many years.

Neptune:

Within three days, Earth suffers a head-on collision with Triton, at ~9km/s, leaving a really pretty ring of ice and dust around Neptune for several hundred million years.