Post by Grizzly_Recluse on Aug 2, 2019 6:14:48 GMT
Problems with the Big Bang Theory of Cosmology
8/1/19
Category: Philosophy of Science
The Big Bang Model is a cosmological theory for the origin and development of our universe. It is accepted by the scientific establishment, taught in universities and promoted in general society.
I am discussing a few of the main points.
1. In the beginning--about 13 billion years ago--nothing existed. Since matter did not exist, the laws of physics as we know them did not exist. For instance there was no such thing as time or energy.
The idea that there was a time when nothing existed is a contentious one. Throughout history people have argued about it. In this case, the idea is partly based on the observation that objects in space are moving away from the earth. Therefore there must have been a time when all matter was collected into one place.
It is impossible to demonstrate that the laws of physics did not exist (at any time.) Therefore this is not a scientific statement.
2. Suddenly this nothingness expanded to become the universe full of stars and galaxies. The entire observable universe came into being. This phenomenon is called the singularity.
The Big Bang theory was invented by a Catholic priest named Lemaitre. He wanted a scientific description of the creation idea.
It requires a supernatural act by an all-powerful God. However, in the Big Bang theory, they don't want to mention God, and they call it the singularity instead of the creation.
"The laws of gravity and quantum theory allow universes to appear spontaneously from nothing." -- Stephen Hawking
But this was supposedly before the laws of physics came into being, therefore nothing could be created. After the laws of physics came into being, it is axiomatic that it is impossible for anything to arise from nothing.
3. There was an inflationary phase, in which energy traveled faster than light. Therefore this occurred before the laws of physics came into being. This resulted in what is called cosmic microwave background radiation or CMB.
Cosmic microwave background radiation describes the electromagnetic waves that propagate through our entire universe. The observable universe has a "temperature" of 2.7 degrees K. CMB is interpreted to be the "inside of the fireball" of the Big Bang.
But when the Big Bang occurred, matter would have spread out in clumps. So, why does the universe have a uniform background temperature? The temperature on one side of the explosion could not affect the other side, so space would be warmer in some places.
"The solution to this conundrum was inflation, an epoch in which regions that were originally in causal contact moved apart much more rapidly than the speed of light because of an extremely rapid period of expansion of the universe." 1 This inflation theory says that the universe exploded very fast, and set the temperature. It supposedly used a special kind of energy which has never been seen.
"What made inflationary theory much more convincing was the fact that it was able to explain the density in homogeneities needed for cosmic structure formation in a quite magical way. This became apparent soon after inflation was invented and was a surprising, and for some a compelling, success." 2 (emphasis added.)
Inflation theory is "magical" and "invented." Is this science?
"There is no direct evidence for the existence of the inflation field." op cit
4. After the Big Bang, the force of gravity caused matter in the universe to collect together into objects like stars and planets and groups of stars called galaxies. The earth came into being this way--a coalescing of matter.
"The best the Big Bang can claim is consistency with observations using the various ad hoc models to explain the data for each light element." 3
5. It appears that all observed galaxies are moving away from the earth. The phenomenon of redshift is called upon to explain this. Therefore the conclusion is drawn that all of space is expanding.
Hubble discovered a red shift in light from galaxies. Therefore, astronomers theorize that those objects are moving away from earth due to the Doppler effect, and the universe itself is expanding.
It can't be proven that the Doppler effect applies under such conditions. In other words, stretching space itself is not the same as receding galaxies. Objects would remain stationery.
There is more than one way to interpret the redshift data. 4 5 Here is a link to a paper with a list of 59 possible causes of redshift in galaxies and objects in space. 6
6. The universe is continuing to expand in all directions, according to data from far distant objects. A substance called dark energy is supposed to exist in space which causes stars to move away faster than expected. Dark energy is anti-gravity, it pushes objects apart.
"Presently, Dark Energy is detectable only through its gravitational effects." 7 In other words, no one can find it, but since it's the best possible explanation of the observations, it must exist.
Conclusion
It isn't possible to do repeatable experiments in cosmology, because it is impossible to do control experiments. It's all philosophy.
The very first statement of the Big Bang theory--"In the beginning, nothing existed"-- is philosophical, not scientific.
None of the given arguments provide absolute proof of a big bang. Whenever an objection is made to the Big Bang theory, scientists invent a new explanation, then go searching for observations to support it. That is not science, it's speculation. The scientific method requires empirical proofs.
All the speculations of the Big Bang theory can have several explanations.
But people believe in the Big Bang anyway, so it is actually a religious dogma. Why not say so? Many religions have a creation myth. Big Bang is the one in use by our scientific establishment and it is inaccurately presented as impartial science.
Here is my list of sources for this article, including the footnotes:
Universe Today, what-is-the-evidence-for-the-big-bang
www.conservapedia.com/Big_Bang_theory
Big Bang Theory Dissent Letter
Well-Founded_Cosmology.pdf
NASA BB concepts
Space and Motion, mitchell-big-bang-theory-under-fire
Space and Motion Top 30 problems
You Tube, The Big Bang Never Happened
Berkeley Cosmology Big_Bang_Primer.html
Cosmology.com BigBangReview
Hartnett, Is the Universe really expanding?
Poetry, speeches and essays posted here: creativity413282887.wordpress.com/
footnotes:
1 www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cosmic-microwave-background-radiation-0
2 "Inflation." Building Blocks of Matter: A Supplement to the Macmillan Encyclopedia of Physics. . Retrieved July 31, 2019 from Encyclopedia.com: www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/inflation
3 www.spaceandmotion.com/cosmology/top-30-problems-big-bang-theory.htm
4 www.spaceandmotion.com/Cosmology-Big-Bang-Theory.htm
5 Cosmic Mythology - Dismantling the Big Bang Theory
6 www.marmet.org/cosmology/redshift/mechanisms.pdf
7 www.universeadventure.org/index/glossary-atoe.htm
.
8/1/19
Category: Philosophy of Science
The Big Bang Model is a cosmological theory for the origin and development of our universe. It is accepted by the scientific establishment, taught in universities and promoted in general society.
I am discussing a few of the main points.
1. In the beginning--about 13 billion years ago--nothing existed. Since matter did not exist, the laws of physics as we know them did not exist. For instance there was no such thing as time or energy.
The idea that there was a time when nothing existed is a contentious one. Throughout history people have argued about it. In this case, the idea is partly based on the observation that objects in space are moving away from the earth. Therefore there must have been a time when all matter was collected into one place.
It is impossible to demonstrate that the laws of physics did not exist (at any time.) Therefore this is not a scientific statement.
2. Suddenly this nothingness expanded to become the universe full of stars and galaxies. The entire observable universe came into being. This phenomenon is called the singularity.
The Big Bang theory was invented by a Catholic priest named Lemaitre. He wanted a scientific description of the creation idea.
It requires a supernatural act by an all-powerful God. However, in the Big Bang theory, they don't want to mention God, and they call it the singularity instead of the creation.
"The laws of gravity and quantum theory allow universes to appear spontaneously from nothing." -- Stephen Hawking
But this was supposedly before the laws of physics came into being, therefore nothing could be created. After the laws of physics came into being, it is axiomatic that it is impossible for anything to arise from nothing.
3. There was an inflationary phase, in which energy traveled faster than light. Therefore this occurred before the laws of physics came into being. This resulted in what is called cosmic microwave background radiation or CMB.
Cosmic microwave background radiation describes the electromagnetic waves that propagate through our entire universe. The observable universe has a "temperature" of 2.7 degrees K. CMB is interpreted to be the "inside of the fireball" of the Big Bang.
But when the Big Bang occurred, matter would have spread out in clumps. So, why does the universe have a uniform background temperature? The temperature on one side of the explosion could not affect the other side, so space would be warmer in some places.
"The solution to this conundrum was inflation, an epoch in which regions that were originally in causal contact moved apart much more rapidly than the speed of light because of an extremely rapid period of expansion of the universe." 1 This inflation theory says that the universe exploded very fast, and set the temperature. It supposedly used a special kind of energy which has never been seen.
"What made inflationary theory much more convincing was the fact that it was able to explain the density in homogeneities needed for cosmic structure formation in a quite magical way. This became apparent soon after inflation was invented and was a surprising, and for some a compelling, success." 2 (emphasis added.)
Inflation theory is "magical" and "invented." Is this science?
"There is no direct evidence for the existence of the inflation field." op cit
4. After the Big Bang, the force of gravity caused matter in the universe to collect together into objects like stars and planets and groups of stars called galaxies. The earth came into being this way--a coalescing of matter.
"The best the Big Bang can claim is consistency with observations using the various ad hoc models to explain the data for each light element." 3
5. It appears that all observed galaxies are moving away from the earth. The phenomenon of redshift is called upon to explain this. Therefore the conclusion is drawn that all of space is expanding.
Hubble discovered a red shift in light from galaxies. Therefore, astronomers theorize that those objects are moving away from earth due to the Doppler effect, and the universe itself is expanding.
It can't be proven that the Doppler effect applies under such conditions. In other words, stretching space itself is not the same as receding galaxies. Objects would remain stationery.
There is more than one way to interpret the redshift data. 4 5 Here is a link to a paper with a list of 59 possible causes of redshift in galaxies and objects in space. 6
6. The universe is continuing to expand in all directions, according to data from far distant objects. A substance called dark energy is supposed to exist in space which causes stars to move away faster than expected. Dark energy is anti-gravity, it pushes objects apart.
"Presently, Dark Energy is detectable only through its gravitational effects." 7 In other words, no one can find it, but since it's the best possible explanation of the observations, it must exist.
Conclusion
It isn't possible to do repeatable experiments in cosmology, because it is impossible to do control experiments. It's all philosophy.
The very first statement of the Big Bang theory--"In the beginning, nothing existed"-- is philosophical, not scientific.
None of the given arguments provide absolute proof of a big bang. Whenever an objection is made to the Big Bang theory, scientists invent a new explanation, then go searching for observations to support it. That is not science, it's speculation. The scientific method requires empirical proofs.
All the speculations of the Big Bang theory can have several explanations.
But people believe in the Big Bang anyway, so it is actually a religious dogma. Why not say so? Many religions have a creation myth. Big Bang is the one in use by our scientific establishment and it is inaccurately presented as impartial science.
Here is my list of sources for this article, including the footnotes:
Universe Today, what-is-the-evidence-for-the-big-bang
www.conservapedia.com/Big_Bang_theory
Big Bang Theory Dissent Letter
Well-Founded_Cosmology.pdf
NASA BB concepts
Space and Motion, mitchell-big-bang-theory-under-fire
Space and Motion Top 30 problems
You Tube, The Big Bang Never Happened
Berkeley Cosmology Big_Bang_Primer.html
Cosmology.com BigBangReview
Hartnett, Is the Universe really expanding?
Poetry, speeches and essays posted here: creativity413282887.wordpress.com/
footnotes:
1 www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cosmic-microwave-background-radiation-0
2 "Inflation." Building Blocks of Matter: A Supplement to the Macmillan Encyclopedia of Physics. . Retrieved July 31, 2019 from Encyclopedia.com: www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/inflation
3 www.spaceandmotion.com/cosmology/top-30-problems-big-bang-theory.htm
4 www.spaceandmotion.com/Cosmology-Big-Bang-Theory.htm
5 Cosmic Mythology - Dismantling the Big Bang Theory
6 www.marmet.org/cosmology/redshift/mechanisms.pdf
7 www.universeadventure.org/index/glossary-atoe.htm
.
