Post by Διαμονδ on Feb 26, 2018 11:08:33 GMT
Haplogroup of Jews and origin their from the point of view of DNA genealogy:
Almost all haplogroups typical of the Middle East region and some haplogroups typical for Europeans are common among Jews. The main Jewish haplogroups can be named 8 - these are J1c, J2a, E1b1b1, R1b1a2, G2c, T1, R1a1-Z93, Q1b. These are the haplogroups that Jews already have from the Middle East, but after a series of "bottlenecks" they acquired those percentages in their population that are characteristic today and are given below. Such sub-accounts as I2a2, R1a1-Z280, some sub-accounts of J2a were acquired by Jews probably in the region of southern and central Europe. It is important to note that the Jews have clearly distinguishable sub-stocks or as they are also called branches of haplogroups, i. having the same haplogroups as the peoples of the Middle East and the Mediterranean, they nevertheless have their own specific subclades, which allows them to be well distinguished on the phylogenetic tree and tells us that since the Middle Ages the Jewish diaspora of Ashkenazi has been fairly stable in genetic terms, although it was in the center of Europe. Yes, there were genetic influences on Jews already in Europe, without this it did not happen, but for the most part these influences did not have a cardinal impact on the genetics of Jews. R1a1-Z93 is typical for Jews (and especially for the Levites, but not Kohens), they are still controversially referred to the Khazar heritage, but I want to note that this is not at all obvious, and it is possible that the line originated among the Jews from the Middle East, perhaps Since the time of the Babylonian captivity. It can be precisely said that the Jewish lines R1a1 differ from European and Slavic lines, including, and are characteristic precisely for the peoples of Asia and to some extent for the Caucasus and the Middle East.
Haplogroups themselves are very old markers, formed long before the formation of ethnic groups, therefore it is incorrect to link the whole haplogroup with the ethnic. There were no other peoples in the modern understanding 3, 5, 10 thousand years ago. Somewhere there were hunters, hunter-gatherers somewhere, from the 12 thousand years ago there appeared the first primitive Neolithic cultures, which were characterized by farming and cattle breeding. Migrations to most of the main continents had a specific set of haplogroups in 90% of the cases built up already in the Paleolithic, and then there was a circulation within the continents of Eurasia, Australia, Africa, and the Americas, although migrations sometimes migrated beyond the main range in the Mesolithic-Paleolithic. Originally Jewish was supposed to be haplogroup J1c3d, it is this haplogroup that unites Jews and Arabs in the male line, most likely it belonged to Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, if it were historical figures. Haplogroup J1c3d by a series of mutation-snipes (single nucleotide polymorphisms) comes from J1, and haplogroup J1 is distributed around the entire Mediterranean Sea, reaching a maximum in the Arabs, in the Caucasus, in the Caucasus (especially in the east). Moreover, the Arabs also have haplogroup J1c3d, and in the Caucasus and the Transcaucasus quite a different line of haplogroup J1.
By belonging to more recent genera, each age is about 10-40 thousand years, the Jews belong to the ten derivatives "genera", or as they say in DNA genealogy, the subclades J1, J2, E1b1b1, R1b1, R1a1, G2, I, Q1b, T, R2. Here their order is given already by the estimated number of Jews in these haplogroups, from a larger number to a smaller one. Minor haplogroups and sub-deposits of Jews, I will not mention.
The main question is how and when did these sub-deposits become part of the polygaplogroup ethnos of the Jews?
The question "How" is difficult to answer - it could be proselytizing and other reasons. Often, the age of sub-clauses far exceeds the age of the alleged formation of a Jewish ethnos or conditionally dividing an ancestor into Jews and Arabs, because there are different branches of sub-clauses, some of which are characteristic of Jews, and one can say that part was from the moment of formation, and part was introduced during the exodus from Egypt or after the Babylonian captivity. So:
J1c3d - most since the formation
I2c - not reliably established, but probably at the initial stage of formation
G2c - reliably not to establish, but probably at the initial stage of formation
E1b1b1 - an ancient haplogroup and different sub-accounts could enter at different times. Probably most after the exodus from Egypt
J2a - the most part at the initial stage, the part after the Babylonian captivity and the part already in Europe
R1b - is not reliably established, but probably at the initial stage of formation, and a part already in Europe
T1 - reliably not to establish, but probably at the initial stage of formation
R1a1 - Perhaps after the Babylonian captivity, and possibly later from the Khazars
Q1b - Possibly after the Babylonian captivity, and possibly later from the Khazars
R2 - probably from among European gypsies in the Middle Ages
This is the main conclusion, all the rest is the collection, preparation and analysis of data from the gene-genealogical projects of Jews.
Distribution of haplogroups among Jews according to FTDNA:
haplogroup J1c3d - 17.3%,
haplogroup E1b1b1 - 18.2%,
haplogroup J2a4 - 16.3%,
haplogroup R1b - 14.9%,
haplogroup I - 3.9%,
haplogroup Q1b - 3.6%,
haplogroup J2b - 4.2%,
haplogroup G (G1, G2a, G2c) - 7.5%,
haplogroup R2 - 1.6%,
haplogroup R1a1 - 7.9%,
haplogroup T1 - 3.1%,
haplogroup E1 (xE1b1b1) - 1.4%
The most common haplogroup of Kohens and supposedly "originally Jewish" (Y-haplogroup Abraham) is haplogroup J1c3d!
haplogroup.narod.ru/jew.html
Almost all haplogroups typical of the Middle East region and some haplogroups typical for Europeans are common among Jews. The main Jewish haplogroups can be named 8 - these are J1c, J2a, E1b1b1, R1b1a2, G2c, T1, R1a1-Z93, Q1b. These are the haplogroups that Jews already have from the Middle East, but after a series of "bottlenecks" they acquired those percentages in their population that are characteristic today and are given below. Such sub-accounts as I2a2, R1a1-Z280, some sub-accounts of J2a were acquired by Jews probably in the region of southern and central Europe. It is important to note that the Jews have clearly distinguishable sub-stocks or as they are also called branches of haplogroups, i. having the same haplogroups as the peoples of the Middle East and the Mediterranean, they nevertheless have their own specific subclades, which allows them to be well distinguished on the phylogenetic tree and tells us that since the Middle Ages the Jewish diaspora of Ashkenazi has been fairly stable in genetic terms, although it was in the center of Europe. Yes, there were genetic influences on Jews already in Europe, without this it did not happen, but for the most part these influences did not have a cardinal impact on the genetics of Jews. R1a1-Z93 is typical for Jews (and especially for the Levites, but not Kohens), they are still controversially referred to the Khazar heritage, but I want to note that this is not at all obvious, and it is possible that the line originated among the Jews from the Middle East, perhaps Since the time of the Babylonian captivity. It can be precisely said that the Jewish lines R1a1 differ from European and Slavic lines, including, and are characteristic precisely for the peoples of Asia and to some extent for the Caucasus and the Middle East.
Haplogroups themselves are very old markers, formed long before the formation of ethnic groups, therefore it is incorrect to link the whole haplogroup with the ethnic. There were no other peoples in the modern understanding 3, 5, 10 thousand years ago. Somewhere there were hunters, hunter-gatherers somewhere, from the 12 thousand years ago there appeared the first primitive Neolithic cultures, which were characterized by farming and cattle breeding. Migrations to most of the main continents had a specific set of haplogroups in 90% of the cases built up already in the Paleolithic, and then there was a circulation within the continents of Eurasia, Australia, Africa, and the Americas, although migrations sometimes migrated beyond the main range in the Mesolithic-Paleolithic. Originally Jewish was supposed to be haplogroup J1c3d, it is this haplogroup that unites Jews and Arabs in the male line, most likely it belonged to Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, if it were historical figures. Haplogroup J1c3d by a series of mutation-snipes (single nucleotide polymorphisms) comes from J1, and haplogroup J1 is distributed around the entire Mediterranean Sea, reaching a maximum in the Arabs, in the Caucasus, in the Caucasus (especially in the east). Moreover, the Arabs also have haplogroup J1c3d, and in the Caucasus and the Transcaucasus quite a different line of haplogroup J1.
By belonging to more recent genera, each age is about 10-40 thousand years, the Jews belong to the ten derivatives "genera", or as they say in DNA genealogy, the subclades J1, J2, E1b1b1, R1b1, R1a1, G2, I, Q1b, T, R2. Here their order is given already by the estimated number of Jews in these haplogroups, from a larger number to a smaller one. Minor haplogroups and sub-deposits of Jews, I will not mention.
The main question is how and when did these sub-deposits become part of the polygaplogroup ethnos of the Jews?
The question "How" is difficult to answer - it could be proselytizing and other reasons. Often, the age of sub-clauses far exceeds the age of the alleged formation of a Jewish ethnos or conditionally dividing an ancestor into Jews and Arabs, because there are different branches of sub-clauses, some of which are characteristic of Jews, and one can say that part was from the moment of formation, and part was introduced during the exodus from Egypt or after the Babylonian captivity. So:
J1c3d - most since the formation
I2c - not reliably established, but probably at the initial stage of formation
G2c - reliably not to establish, but probably at the initial stage of formation
E1b1b1 - an ancient haplogroup and different sub-accounts could enter at different times. Probably most after the exodus from Egypt
J2a - the most part at the initial stage, the part after the Babylonian captivity and the part already in Europe
R1b - is not reliably established, but probably at the initial stage of formation, and a part already in Europe
T1 - reliably not to establish, but probably at the initial stage of formation
R1a1 - Perhaps after the Babylonian captivity, and possibly later from the Khazars
Q1b - Possibly after the Babylonian captivity, and possibly later from the Khazars
R2 - probably from among European gypsies in the Middle Ages
This is the main conclusion, all the rest is the collection, preparation and analysis of data from the gene-genealogical projects of Jews.
Distribution of haplogroups among Jews according to FTDNA:
haplogroup J1c3d - 17.3%,
haplogroup E1b1b1 - 18.2%,
haplogroup J2a4 - 16.3%,
haplogroup R1b - 14.9%,
haplogroup I - 3.9%,
haplogroup Q1b - 3.6%,
haplogroup J2b - 4.2%,
haplogroup G (G1, G2a, G2c) - 7.5%,
haplogroup R2 - 1.6%,
haplogroup R1a1 - 7.9%,
haplogroup T1 - 3.1%,
haplogroup E1 (xE1b1b1) - 1.4%
The most common haplogroup of Kohens and supposedly "originally Jewish" (Y-haplogroup Abraham) is haplogroup J1c3d!
haplogroup.narod.ru/jew.html
